INTERNET WORLD HISTORY

We personally have to be aware of as a virtual world users there are probably many things that we do not know some of them about what and from where the first history of the internet world and I 'll give you a few posts that may be of little help in finding more information

ABOUT ARPANET ( Advanced Research Projects Agency ) In 1957 the U.S. Department of Defense
( DoD = Department of Defense ) ARPA formed in response to the launch of the Soviet Sputnik . ARPA has the task to improve the technological capabilities that can be utilized by the military .
ARPA actually do not have expert knowledge or laboratory . And who owned only a small office and budget ( for standard Pentagon ) alone . ARPA carry out their duties by providing assistance and doing contract work with universities and companies that have ideas that are considered promising for its operations .
In the mid 1960s , when the peak of the Cold War , DoD wants to have command and control network that can defend itself in the event of nuclear war . Traditional telephone networks are considered unsafe . Because if one path is lost , then this may result in the cessation of all conversations that use the network or even the only use part of the network suddenly .
To overcome this problem the DoD changed the direction of his research , ARPA.Bekerjasama with several universities , ARPA decided that the required DoD network is packet - switching shape consisting of a subnet and host computers .
In December 1968 , ARPA gave the contract to BBN , a consulting firm in Cambridge , Massachusetts to build the network and make the supporting software . Although there are deficiencies in the software problems , in December 1969 successfully launched an experimental network connecting the four vertices are UCLA , UCSB , SRI and the University of Utah . The fourth node does have various contracts with ARPA , and each node has a host computer that is completely different and incompatible with each other . ARPANET network is growing rapidly soon covering the entire territory of the U.S. in 3 years pertama.Dan in addition to helping the growth of the ARPANET was still premature , ARPA also funded some research satellite networks and mobile packet radio networks . These experiments also showed that the existing ARPANET protocols are not suitable for operation on multiple networks . These observations are encouraging more and more research on protocols , culminating in the discovery of the model and the TCP / IP protocol . TCP / IP is specifically designed to handle communication through the internetwork , something that is increasingly important as more networks and LANs ( local area network) are connected to the ARPANET . So to encourage the use of these new protocols , ARPA made ​​several contracts with BBN and the University of California at Berkeley to integrate the protocol into Berkeley UNIX . Researchers at Berkeley developed a program interface ( interface ) to the network ( socket ) which makes it easy to write some utility programs , applications and network management to make the system easier to operate .

In the late 1970s , the NSF ( National Science Foundation ) detecting the magnitude of the impact that the ARPANET for research universities . But the only university that has a research contract with the DoD that can be joined to the ARPANET . Due to the lack of universal access is to encourage the NSF to build a virtual network , CSNET .
In the mid 1980s , people began to see a collection of networks such as the Internet , and then called the Internet . Growth continued exponentially , and in 1990 the Internet has grown into a network of 3000 and 200,000 computers .
During the 1980s , additional networks , especially LANs , more and more connected to the ARPANET . In line with the increased extent of the network , host - even more expensive . Because the DNS ( Domain Naming System ) was formed to organize machines into specific domains and map host names into IP addresses . Since then , the DNS be generalized systems and distributed databases to store a variety of information related to the naming .
In 1983 , the ARPANET has a large network and it can be considered stable and successful . To date , ARPA network management handed over to the Defense Communications Agency ( DCA ) and to run as an operational network ARPANET . The first one is done DCA is a military separated the network into separate subnets , MILNET , which has a very tight gateways distinguish between MILNET with the rest of the subnet other research
On 1 January 1983 After TCP / IP is stated as the only official protocol , the number of networks , machines and users that are connected to the ARPANET grew rapidly . At the time of the NSFNET and ARPANET interconnected , the growth becomes exponential . Many regional networks joined and created relationships to build networks in Canada , Europe and the Pacific .
And in 1984 the NSF began designing high- speed backbone network that will connect the super- computer center in the sixth

1. San Diego
2. Boulder
3. Champaign
4. Pittsburgh
5. Ithaca
6. Princeton.

This network is projected as a successor to ARPANET and will be open to all university research groups , research laboratories , libraries and museums to access six super computer and communicate with each other . This network is also connected to the ARPANET . NSFNET network quickly achieve success in a relatively short time and at the same overloaded . Further NSF immediately made ​​plans to network its successors and award the contract to a consortium of Michigan - based MERIT to implement the plan . This network was eventually overwhelmed
In 1990 , the ARPANET was composed by new networks , which are actually born solely by the ARPANET . After the ARPANET ceased operations and dismantled . Until now , MILNET still operating .
so in 1990 the network immediately upgraded.
With the development and sustainability of the NSF realized that the government can not provide funding for the development of the network forever . In addition to many commercial organizations that wish to join the NSF -funded network . As a result , NSF requested MERIT , MCI and IBM to form a nonprofit corporation , ANS ( Advanced Networks Services ) .
And in 1990 , ANS took over NSFNET and improve the network 's ability to form ANSNET .
Until the early 1990s , the Internet is widely used by academics , government and industry researchers . A new application , WWW ( World Wide Web ) changed the face of the Internet and helped millions of new users , non- academics to network . This application , discovered by CERN physicist Tim Berners - Lee , without changing the existing facilities , but makes it easier to use . Together with the Mosaic viewer , created by NCSA ( National Center for Supercomputer Applications ) , the WWW allows a site (site ) to formulate a number of information pages that contain text , images , sound and even video , by putting links to other pages . By clicking on a link , the user will be taken to a page with the link . Within a year after Mosaic was launched , the number of WWW servers grown from 100 to 7000 . This rapid growth continued exponentially until now in 2013
In 1991 , U.S. Vice President Al Gore , proposed expansion of the NSFNET architecture that involve K - 12 schools , community colleges ( local college ) , and two - year colleges more. December 1991 , U.S. Congress passed the bill NREN ( National Research and Educational Network) that is accessible to businesses by allowing them to purchase a portion of the network for commercial use . And in 1995 , the NSFNET backbone is no longer necessary to interconnect regional networks NSF . This is because many companies that operate commercial IP networks . At ANSNET sold to America Online
In 1992 , host to one million have been connected to the network .
In January 1992 , the Internet Society ( High Society ) was formed . Internet Society aims to promote the benefits of the Internet .
in 1995 , the regional network should go out and have to have a commercial IP services to be interconnected . To facilitate and assure that each regional network can communicate with other regional networks , NSF awarded contracts to four network operators working to make the NAP ( Network Access Point ) . The operator is PacBell ( San Francisco ) , Ameritech ( Chicago ) , MFS ( Washington DC ) and Sprint ( New York City ) . Each network operators who wish to provide backbone services to the NSF regional network should connect all of the NAP . In addition to NSF NAPs , also has made ​​a variety of NAP government ( eg , FIX - E , FIX - W , MAE - East and MAE - West ) and commercial NAPs ( eg CIX ) . Countries and other regions as well build a network that is comparable to the NSFNET . In Europe , for example , Europa Net is an IP backbone for organizational research and EBONE a more commercially oriented networks . Both these networks connect several cities in Europe . Every country in Europe has a national network of one or more comparable with NSF regional networks

In 1995, there were a lot of backbone, a network of hundreds of mid-level (regional), tens of thousands LAN, hosts millions and tens of millions of users. Factors that have contributed greatly to the rapid growth it is connecting networks to the Internet that already exist. In the past the connection includes SPAN (NASA space physics network), HEPNET (a network of high-energy physics), BITNET (IBM mainframe network), EARN (European academic network), and other tissues. A number of the transatlantic link is also formed. With this exponential growth, the old informal way in operating the Internet is no longer used.